Mastering Git Commands
Navigating the world of Git can be daunting, but fear not! Let's explore essential commands with explanations and examples to demystify Git for you.
Understanding Git Basics
Git is a powerful version control system, and mastering its commands is crucial for efficient collaboration and code management.
1. Initializing a Repository:
To start tracking your project, use:
git init
This command initializes a new Git repository in your current project directory.
2. Cloning a Repository:
Clone an existing repository with:
git clone repository_url
Example: git clone https://github.com/example/repo.git
3. Basic Snapshotting:
Stage changes for commit:
git add file
Example: git add index.html
Commit changes:
git commit -m "Your commit message"
Example: git commit -m "Add new feature"
4. Branching:
Create a new branch:
git branch branch_name
Example: git branch feature-branch
Switch to a branch:
git checkout branch_name
Example: git checkout feature-branch
Create and switch to a new branch:
git checkout -b new_branch_name
Example: git checkout -b bug-fix
5. Merging:
Merge changes from one branch to another:
git merge branch_name
Example: git merge feature-branch
6. Remote Repositories:
Add a remote repository:
git remote add remote_name repository_url
Example: git remote add origin https://github.com/example/repo.git
Push changes to a remote repository:
git push remote_name branch_name
Example: git push origin main
7. Handling Conflicts:
Resolve merge conflicts manually or mark conflicts as resolved with:
git add file
Example: git add conflicted-file
8. Inspecting Changes:
View changes made but not yet committed:
git diff
View changes made in a specific commit:
git show commit_hash
9. Undoing Changes:
Discard changes in your working directory:
git checkout -- file
Example: git checkout -- index.html
Discard local changes in a specific commit:
git revert commit_hash
Example: git revert abc123
Reset to a specific commit:
git reset commit_hash
Example: git reset --hard xyz456
10. Git Log:
View commit history:
git log
Customize log output:
git log --pretty=format:"%h - %an, %ar : %s"
Conclusion
Mastering these Git commands will empower you to navigate version control efficiently. Refer to this guide and embrace the world of collaborative coding with confidence. Happy coding!